introduction
| cistus | ||
|---|---|---|
 | ||
| Cronquist classification | ||
| Govern | Plant | |
| subkingdom | tracheobiota | |
| Division (Division is a law of composition relating two numbers to the product of the first by…) | Magnoliophyta | |
| Class | Magnoliopsida | |
| Subclass | Dilleniidae | |
| command | violas | |
| Family | Cistaceae | |
| Gender | ||
| cistus L., 1753 | ||
| APG II classification (The APG II classification (2003) or phylogenetic classification is a classification…) | ||
| command | mallows | |
| Family | Cistaceae | |
 | ||
THE cistus are dicotyledonous shrubs of the Cistaceae family, most commonly found in the Mediterranean region. They love dry (mostly siliceous, but also calcareous) and sunny soils. In addition, they are pyrophytes that can easily regenerate and even multiply after fires. Suffice it to say that the Mediterranean maquis, or scrubland so often ravaged by wildfires, is fringed with cista groves that bloom between springtime (spring (from the Latin primus, first, and tempus, time, marking that season once the…) and summer (April-June).
Traditionally classified in the order of the Violales, the cistus now belongs to the order of the Malvales.
main properties
The name Cistus was given to these plants by Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (June 5, 1656, Aix-en-Provence –…). It is quite close to the forms (cisthos) used in Greek and Latin antiquity with Pliny). The height of the shrubs ranges from 30 cm to 1 m. The height has several meanings depending on the area covered. The roots are poorly developed, superficial. The leaves are persistent; often hairy, sometimes sticky, they are simple, elliptical (or oval), or linear. The flowers have five petals, the number of sepals is three or five. per day. The fruits are in the form of capsules.
The labdanum
Labdanum, also called ladanum (not to be confused with laudanum), is a gum made from the leaves of Cistus ladaniferus. The essence obtained is used as a base note in the composition of perfumes from the Chypre or Amber family (it is one of the rare plants with animal notes). The gum is collected by immersing the leaf sprigs in hot carbonated water. Labdanum resinoid is extracted from this gum with ethanol. Labdanum can also be used in medicine (medicine (from Latin medicus, “that heals”) is science and …) because of its haemostatic, healing and anti-wrinkle properties.
list of species
Rockrose species can be divided into two categories: those with pink to purple flowers (sometimes red) and those with white flowers. The pistil and the stamens, on the other hand, are yellow-orange.
Rose-blossoming cistus
- Cistus albidus L., cistus (The cistus is a dicotyledonous shrub of the Cistaceae family, which…) cottony. Recognizable by the very fluffy, sessile leaves. The pink flowers, which are very rich in pollen, always have a wrinkled appearance (a typical feature of many cistus). They can reach 10 cm in diameter (For a circle or sphere, the diameter is a line segment passing through the center…). It is the first cistus to bloom (from the first days of April).
- Cistus crispus L., Crinkled Rockrose. It is very similar to the previous one, but smaller (subshrub), and its flowers are no more than 3 cm in diameter.
- Cistus creticus L. var. corsicus (Loisel.) Greuter, the cistus of Crete. The species (in the life sciences the species (from Latin “species” …) Cistus creticus (synonym: Cistus incanus subsp. corsicus (Loisel.) Heywood) occurs mainly on Corsica (Corsica ( Corsica in Corsica) ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and a region…), in Italy and the eastern Mediterranean.
- Cistus creticus L. var. eriocephalus (Viv.) Greuter.
- Cistus incanus. The corolla is colored lilac to violet.
- Cistus heterophyllus
White-flowered cistus
- Cistus monspeliensis, Rockrose from Montpellier. One of the most common cistus, with sticky linear leaves, without petiole (In botany, a petiole (from the Latin petiolus: small foot) denotes the stalk of a…) net. The flowers are white, small, sometimes tinged with yellow (there are (at least) five definitions of yellow that mean roughly the same thing…) at their base.
- Cistus ladanifer, cistus. It is very similar to the Montpellier rockrose and is characterized by red spots at the base of the petals, a calyx with three sepals and a larger size. A gum (the labdanum) is produced from its leaves, which is used in particular in perfumery. It is mainly found in Spain. It occurs in France, for example, in the Moors.
- Cistus laurifolius, laurel-leaved cistus. Clearly stalked leaves, very similar to those of the laurel. Calyx with three sepals.
- Cistus populifolius, poplar-leaved cistus (Poplars are trees of the genus Populus in the family Salicaceae.) Again, the leaves are stalked and heart-shaped at the base.
- Cistus salviifolius, sage-leaved cistus (Sage (scientific name: Salvia) is a genus of flowering plants in the family…). One of the rare species not exclusively found in the Mediterranean region (it occurs as far as the Massif (The word massive can be used as:) Central and West (West is a cardinal point, opposite to East). This is the direction in which France goes). The initially white flowers turn yellow as they dry out.
- Cistus clusii.
- Cistus inflatus synonym Cistus hirsutus. Pousse (Pousse is the name of an illegal car race on Réunion.) in Spain and Brittany Finistère.
- Cistus pouzolzii, Pouzolz cistus, endemic species of the Cevennes; the flowers open in the morning and the petals fall off almost immediately.