Every September 13th, Mexico commemorates one of the most painful losses associated with the war with the United States, but one that continues to leave a lesson of honor and love for the country: the sacrifice of the Six Children’s Heroes of Chapultepec during the invasion of the Mexican capital that day in 1847.
This commemoration joins other important events in the history of Mexico that take place in September, such as the anniversary of the independence cry proclaimed by Miguel Hidalgo in Dolores. Given the proximity of national holidaysthe Mexican flag is already flying in several homes and public spaces are filled with decorations.
Children’s Heroes: What Happened at Chapultepec Castle on September 13th?
The then President of the United States, James Polk, declared war on Mexico on May 13, 1846 with the ultimate goal of conquering the territories of New Mexico, Alta California and others in northern Aztec country. The actions intensified after the arrival of the general’s troops in Veracruz winfield-scott 1847, who left for the capital.
The Mexican troops, assembled in Mexico City to stem the advance of American troops, were defeated at Churubusco, San Ángel, Padierna and Molino del Rey. In this scenario, Chapultepec Hill was his last bastion.
In the early morning hours of September 12, the Americans bombed the forest and the castle of Chapultepec, where the facilities of the military school. The next day, in the face of Mexican resistance, a contingent of 7,000 soldiers attacked the fort.
In the Battle of Chapultepec, Mexican soldiers tried to defend the castle of the same name from the American invaders. Photo: public domain
The battle of Chapultepec resulted in 300 dead on the Mexican side, including Lieutenant Colonel Felipe Santiago. The last line of defense remaining in the castle consisted of six young people between the ages of 12 and 19, hence the name “The Children’s Heroes”.
They were cadets Agustín Melgar, Francisco Márquez, Fernando Montes de Oca, Vicente Suárez and Juan Escutia, and Lieutenant Juan de la Barrera. They all died in battle defending the castle.
Historian JD Einsenhower told UNAM in an interview that “General Bravo surrendered his jeweled sword, but he could not get six of his young cadets to surrender, who preferred to die. One of those boys, holding the Mexican flag, lost his life by throwing himself off the wall.” Tradition links this last young man to Juan Escutia.
A tradition says that Juan Escutia threw himself into the void with the Mexican flag. Photo: Chapultepec Castle
The war with the United States ended on February 2, 1848 with the signing of the Guadalupe-Hidalgo Treaty, which ceded the disputed territories to the northern country. The example of the “Children Heroes” was and is gratefully remembered to this day.
It was President Benito Juárez who declared September 13 a day of mourning in Mexico in honor of the victims of the fallen and in particular of these six young men whose bones were buried on November 27, 1952 at the Altar of the Fatherland. . .
How is the flag raised on September 13?
As it is a day of national mourning for the “heroes of children,” the Mexican flag is flown at half-mast on September 13, as specified in Article 18, Section II of the National Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem Law.
Every September 13, the “child heroes” are honored at the home altar. Photo: Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador
September 13: Who did the Children Heroes fight?
That ‘child heroes They confronted the invading United States troops at Chapultepec Castle, who outnumbered their Mexican counterparts and left hundreds dead as they marched through the hill. At 10:00 a.m. on September 13, the site fell under the power of the armies of Generals Quitman, Worth, and Pillow.