JJ Ore praises Reimond Manco as he recalls his time

JJ Oré praises Reimond Manco as he recalls his time with the Jotitas: "was that different"

JJ Ore praises Reimond Manco as he recalls his time

In a recent interview on the Cojo y manco program, Peru soccer coach Juan José Oré praised Reimond Manco’s performance during his time on the show U17 team from Peru. Oré recognized with admiration the talent and unique skills the footballer displayed during this period, describing him as ‘the other’ as he had an outstanding vision of the game.

During the interview, Oré recalled the years he managed the Peru youth team and emphasized the positive influence Manco had on the group’s performance. “His colleagues sometimes resented him for abusing his individuality. He wanted to take everyone with him and I liked that because it led to numerical superiority in attack. “Another good thing is that he lost the ball and was the first to recover it,” he said.

YOU CAN SEE: [Con Lionel Messi, En Vivo] Watch Juan Román Riquelme’s Farewell ONLINE TODAY

Manco, who was working as a bicolor team at the time, stood out U-17 World Cup of FIFA in 2007. His agility, dribbling and passing precision were essential for the Peruvian team to reach the quarter-finals of this tournament. The player drew the attention of fans and pundits alike, who marveled at his talent and ability to unbalance opposition defences.

Oré’s praise for Manco confirms the recognition the footballer has received throughout his career, although he has also faced challenges and criticism. Even if Manco hasn’t managed to find a stable path in his career, his technical ability is undeniable and his potential continues to be recognized.

For his part, Oré continued to explain the whole process and the progress that took place during this tournament, as well as all the players involved in it. He assured that “Rei” made the difference and teamwork could have taken the selection far.

JJ Oré praises Reimond Manco as he recalls his time with the Jotitas: "was that different" Read More »

Putin suffers worst daily air force losses of war while

Putin ‘suffers worst daily air force losses of war’ while Wagner ‘kills 39 pilots and crew’

Vladimir Putin suffered the worst daily air force losses of the war after Wagner fighters killed 39 pilots and crew by shooting down attack helicopters and a military aircraft during Prigozhin’s uprising.

It is also believed that Putin faces the humiliating expectation of changing his two top war commanders – his close ally Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu and Army Chief of Staff General Valery Gerasmivov – or face a new insurgency.

Putschist leader Yevgeny Prigozhin, once a supporter of Putin, has agreed to be based across the border in Belarus – for now. Even after his release from prison and the freedom to lead his large mercenary army, he still poses an acute threat to the 70-year-old Russian president.

Putin is believed to have suffered heavy casualties while attempting to stop Wagner’s “march of justice” against his corrupt regime toward Moscow, as the Wagner group reportedly killed pilots and crew members in their attempted “military coup.”

The dictator (pictured) suffered his worst daily Luftwaffe casualties during the war when rebel Wagner fighter jets repeatedly struck his gunships and a high-flying military plane believed to be carrying a top general

The dictator (pictured) suffered his worst daily Luftwaffe casualties during the war when rebel Wagner fighter jets repeatedly struck his attack helicopters and a high-flying military plane believed to be carrying a top general

Putschist leader Yevgeny Prigozhin (pictured), once a Putin loyalist, has agreed to be based across the border in Belarus -- for now

Putschist leader Yevgeny Prigozhin (pictured), once a Putin loyalist, has agreed to be based across the border in Belarus — for now

The Wagner group claims to have shot down three Russian helicopters since the beginning of their attempted coup

The Wagner group claims to have shot down three Russian helicopters since the beginning of their attempted coup

The Wagner group claimed to have shot down several Russian helicopters in their attack. Shocking footage shows huge plumes of black smoke billowing into the air in a field after a helicopter was allegedly attacked and burst into flames.

Russian forces apparently confirmed that three of their attack helicopters had been shot down by Wagner.

The Russians are reportedly trying to cover up the loss of up to 39 pilots and crew in a matter of hours.

Among them were allegedly some of the leading Russian Air Force crews. A report said more than 20 fighter pilots had been killed.

Putin is believed to have lost six helicopters – including three Mi-8 MTPRs specialized in electronic warfare – as well as a sophisticated Il-22 aircraft used to carry out high-altitude combat plans.

A desperate, quick deal resulted in Prigozhin’s heavily armed Wagner force halting its march on Moscow in exchange for a deal dropping all treason charges against him and his men.

It prevented a possible bloodbath between Russia and Russia at the gates of Moscow.

Still, in nearly a quarter century at the helm of Russia, as president or prime minister, Putin has never seemed so weak.

Russia analysts said the 70-year-old, who has served as president or prime minister since 1999, was wounded in the battle.

Garry Kasparov, the world chess champion who has become one of the leading leaders of Russia’s democratic opposition, said Putin was “humiliated” by Prigozhin.

“The game ended in Putin’s worst humiliation – a flight for his life from Moscow when Prigozhin’s army was hundreds of miles away,” he told CNN.

Kasparov added: “Many of Putin’s top officials were looking for cover.” “A dictator relies on his aura of invincibility.”

Sergey Sanovich, a Hoover Fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution who specializes in disinformation and autocracies, said Putin has never looked so weak.

He said the need for Belarusian dictator Alexander Lukashenko to negotiate with Prigozhin on his behalf was a sign of how weakened he was.

Putin also faces the humiliating expectation of changing his two top war commanders — close ally Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu (right) and army chief of staff General Valery Gerasmivov — or face a new insurgency

Putin also faces the humiliating expectation of changing his two top war commanders — close ally Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu (right) and army chief of staff General Valery Gerasmivov — or face a new insurgency

A desperate, quick deal resulted in Prigozhin's heavily armed Wagner force halting its march on Moscow in exchange for a deal that dropped all treason charges against him and his men (pictured: Wagner fighters in Rostov-on-Don yesterday)

A desperate, quick deal resulted in Prigozhin’s heavily armed Wagner force halting its march on Moscow in exchange for a deal that dropped all treason charges against him and his men (pictured: Wagner fighters in Rostov-on-Don yesterday)

“Prigozhin makes a bold move and gets away with it, possibly with more wins,” Sanovich said.

“Lukashenko saves the day.” Putin was reduced to a bystander who complained on TV and allowed his top generals to be humiliated.

“Never in a quarter of a century has Putin looked so ineffective and unhappy.”

Sanovich’s view of Lukashenko’s involvement was shared by Michael McFaul, Barack Obama’s Russia adviser from 2009 to 2011, who then became US ambassador to Moscow.

McFaul tweeted, “Putin couldn’t control a mercenary force he created and ran by his pal.” He had to rely, of all things, on Lukashenko to negotiate a deal with a man he had called a traitor just hours before .

“These are signs of real weakness, not strength.” What weakened Putin’s rise to power? His disastrous war in Ukraine.

“The longer the war goes on, the weaker Putin’s regime becomes.” Those who want to prevent the collapse of the Russian state (e.g. Xi) should urge Putin to end his war.”

According to reports, the Russians are now trying to cover up the losses of up to 39 pilots and crew members in a matter of hours (pictured: Il-22). Among them were allegedly some of the leading Russian Air Force crews.  A report said more than 20 fighter pilots had been killed

The Russians are reportedly trying to cover up the loss of up to 39 pilots and crew in a matter of hours today. Among them were allegedly some of the leading Russian Air Force crews. A report said more than 20 fighter pilots had been killed

Putin is believed to have lost six helicopters - including three Mi-8 MTPRs specialized in electronic warfare - as well as a sophisticated Il-22 aircraft used to carry out high-altitude combat plans

Putin is believed to have lost six helicopters – including three Mi-8 MTPRs specialized in electronic warfare – as well as a sophisticated Il-22 aircraft used to carry out high-altitude combat plans

Released from prison and free to lead his vast mercenary army, Prigozhin (left) still poses an acute threat to the 70-year-old Russian president (right).

Released from prison and free to lead his vast mercenary army, Prigozhin (left) still poses an acute threat to the 70-year-old Russian president (right).

Putin’s casualties also appear to include an Ilyushin-22, which appears to have been shot down by a Pantsir missile system secretly supplied by Russia’s own forces to Wagner.

At first the aircraft was identified as an Il-18 turboprop and probably carried such markings – but in fact it was an Il-22 used for clandestine wartime command and control missions.

According to the correspondent of the Russian broadcaster Channel One, Irina Kuksenkova, there were ten crew members on board.

Former Soviet military tactician and politician Viktor Alksnis, now an analyst known as the “Black Colonel,” said it was likely that a “senior general” and other top officials were on board.

However, he pointed out that the death toll was almost certainly higher, as Russian state media were reportedly ordered to obscure the true figure.

“I assume that the total number of cabin crew and task force aboard the Il-22 was between 15 and 20 people. “They all died,” he posted.

Putin also lost a regular Mi-8, a Ka-52 attack helicopter and a Mi-35.

“Between 34 and 39 people were killed in the destruction of five helicopters and one plane by the Wagner rebels,” Alksnis estimated.

About 19 of those were in the five downed helicopters, he clarified.

More damage was done in one day than the Ukrainians did in the war.

“It should be noted that even in the most difficult days of the special military operation in Ukraine, our Aerospace Forces did not suffer such losses,” the Black Colonel said.

All of the casualties were caused by Russia’s Wagner troops shooting down Russia’s regular forces – yet no one will be prosecuted under the terms of the patched peace deal. The bloody fiasco can only benefit Ukraine.

Putin's casualties also appear to include an Ilyushin-22, which appears to have been shot down by a Pantsir missile system secretly supplied by Russia's own forces to Wagner At first the aircraft was identified as an Il-18 turboprop and probably carried such markings - but in fact it was an Il-22 used for clandestine wartime command and control missions

Putin’s casualties also appear to include an Ilyushin-22, which appears to have been shot down by a Pantsir missile system secretly supplied by Russia’s own forces to Wagner. At first the aircraft was identified as an Il-18 turboprop and probably carried such markings – but in fact it was an Il-22 used for clandestine wartime command and control missions

All casualties were caused by Russia's Wagner forces (some pictured in Rostov-on-Don yesterday) shooting down Russia's regular forces - yet no one will be prosecuted under the terms of the patched peace deal

All casualties were caused by Russia’s Wagner forces (some pictured in Rostov-on-Don yesterday) shooting down Russia’s regular forces – yet no one will be prosecuted under the terms of the patched peace deal

Today it became clear that he had suffered heavy casualties trying to stop Wagner's

Today it became clear that he had suffered heavy casualties trying to stop Wagner’s “March of Justice” against his corrupt regime towards Moscow

As part of the rushed peace deal between Putin and Prigozhin - brokered by Belarusian tyrant Alexander Lukashenko - the billionaire Wagner boss will pay almost half a million pounds in compensation to the families of the slain Russian airmen

As part of the rushed peace deal between Putin and Prigozhin – brokered by Belarusian tyrant Alexander Lukashenko – the billionaire Wagner boss will pay almost half a million pounds in compensation to the families of the slain Russian airmen

To date, no details have been released about the dead flight crew and Moscow appears to be waging a campaign to keep their names secret (pictured: Moscow's Red Square, which was closed yesterday for security reasons).

To date, no details have been released about the dead flight crew and Moscow appears to be waging a campaign to keep their names secret (pictured: Moscow’s Red Square, which was closed yesterday for security reasons).

As part of the rushed peace deal between Putin and Prigozhin – brokered by Belarusian tyrant Alexander Lukashenko – the billionaire Wagner boss will pay almost half a million pounds in compensation to the families of the slain Russian airmen.

When allegations surfaced today, the Fighterbomber Telegram channel – with almost 400,000 followers – demanded: “What idiot with big stars on his shoulder straps ordered the Pantsir air defense system to be handed over to an illegal armed group?” [Wagner], a gang…? Will this idiot go to court-martial?’

Putin and his supreme commanders “gave birth to this monster.” [Prigozhin] and now they’re trying to fight it.

To date, no details of the dead flight crew have been released and Moscow appears to have been waging a campaign to keep their names secret.

Hours after declaring that the coup plotters, including Prigozhin, would face “inevitable punishment,” he announced that no one would be sanctioned for the uprising.

“There was a higher goal: avoiding bloodshed, avoiding internal confrontations, avoiding clashes with unpredictable outcomes,” said his spokesman Dmitry Peskov.

The autobahns on which tens of thousands of Wagner troops marched on Moscow yesterday remained closed today.

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Unstable Russia worries Jewish organizations – The Jerusalem Post

Unstable Russia worries Jewish organizations – The Jerusalem Post

A source from a major Jewish organization said Saturday night: “There are many reasons to be concerned about the Jews of Russia and citizens in general.”

The source referred to the insurgency within the Wagner Group, a paramilitary organization from Russia that had close ties to the Russian government during President Vladimir Putin’s tenure.

Yisrael Beytenu MK Oded Forer, chairman of the Committee on Immigration, Reception and Diaspora Affairs, said he would convene the committee to discuss immigration from Russia to Israel amid the recent conflict.

“The government needs to recalculate its course on immigration from Russia and not miss the opportunity for a large wave of immigration,” Forer said in a statement on Saturday, adding that the discussion is related to the government’s preparation for the crisis “and its impact on the crisis” will address the Jewish community and immigration to Israel.”

Forer mentioned that the State Department estimates that there are currently between 60,000 and 70,000 Israeli citizens in Russia and over 500,000 Jews are eligible for the Law of Return.

Most, if not all, of the Israeli citizens currently in Russia are dual citizens, and thus Israel’s attitude towards them is expected to be the same. It is assumed that most Israelis would not go to Russia as tourists or for work, but rather as Israeli citizens living in Russia.

Forer said, “After many months of realizing that the government’s policy of stopping aid to immigrants from Russia and restricting the rapid immigration procedure, we can understand that this was disconnected from reality.” It seems that reality crumbles in the face of the Israeli government.

A view shows a sign at the entrance of a Russian branch of the Jewish Agency for Israel in Moscow, Russia, July 21, 2022. (Credit: Portal/Evgenia Novozhenina)

Emergency immigration from Russia

“While the Ministry of Aliyah and Integration has decided to cut the budget for immigration from Russia and halt the emergency immigration procedure, affecting the reception of immigrants from there, we are now witnessing a significant deterioration in the situation that requires government action. ” fast.”

It is unclear whether Israel or the Jewish Agency will be able to conduct an express aliyah operation from Russia at this point. First, Russian Jews living in Israel declared on Saturday that there will be no seats on EL AL flights from Moscow to Tel Aviv in the near future. In addition, it is unclear whether the borders will be open and the security situation is not stable.

Rabbi Pinchas Goldschmidt, Moscow’s former chief rabbi, told the Jerusalem Post on Saturday that he was “concerned about the situation in Russia” and prayed “for the safety of the Jewish community and Russian citizens.”

Another problem that many Russian speakers have recognized is that there are many anti-Semitic posts online about Yevgeny Prigozhin, the head of the Wagner Group mercenary company, being the son of a Jew. Prigozhin’s father, who died when he was an infant, was Jewish, as was his stepfather, who was also Jewish.

Unstable Russia worries Jewish organizations – The Jerusalem Post Read More »

Early Amazon Prime Day deals you can get now

Early Amazon Prime Day deals you can get now

The annual Amazon Prime Day event takes place on July 11-12, but many of the best deals are already available if you’re an Amazon Prime member.

Oh, Amazon bought your favorite robot company

Amazon Prime Day was created for one reason: to get people to sign up as Amazon Prime subscribers. But the mini-holiday, launched in 2015, has far exceeded its original purpose, ushering in a whole new shopping season for Amazon and its many retail competitors, both online and brick-and-mortar. Target, Walmart, Best Buy, and other stores also have their versions, allowing savvy shoppers to make plenty of comparison purchases.

One of the big mysteries of Prime Day is that many of the best deals available to Prime members start weeks earlier. Many of these early offers are for Amazon-owned products from brands like Kindle, Fire TV, Ring, Eero, and Echo, but sometimes there are also early offers for Apple or Samsung products, video games, and other items.

Based on my years of experience as a tech reporter and product reviewer, below are some of the better early bird discounts. We will update this list regularly.

Apple Watch Series 8, $359 (normally $429)
Note that the latest Apple Watch sees this price drop regularly if you’re patient.

Anker MagGo, $69, after a 30% off coupon (usually $99)
Anker makes some of my favorite accessories. This is a power cube and phone charger combo with USB-A and USB-C ports. Be sure to click the checkbox on the product page to get the automatic 30% off coupon.

Samsung Galaxy Buds 2. $84 (normally $149)

That’s the lowest price I’ve seen on these pretty good AirPods alternatives.

The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom, $59 (normally $69)
Yes, the latest Zelda game is already discounted. Note, however, that this applies to the physical version of the game.

Amazon Fire TV 75″ Omni QLED Series $899 (normally $1,099)
LG and TCL are my usual TV brands, but unless you’re going for a pricey OLED TV, this QLED model (which sounds the same but isn’t) offers local dimming, HDR support and solid build-in Fire TV software, all at a very good price for a 75-inch device.

When is Amazon Prime Day?
Prime Day officially begins July 11 at 3 p.m. EST and lasts 48 hours through July 12. However, early offers are already available and some offers will continue after July 12th.

Do you have to be an Amazon Prime member?
Yes, to get those Prime Day deals — and that’s Prime Day’s primary purpose: to get you to sign up for the $140-a-year subscription. A helpful trick: You can sign up for the 30-day free trial and then cancel. Just be careful because if you’re not careful it can be difficult to cancel.

Will other stores have Prime Day deals?
Yes and no. Ever since Amazon introduced Prime Day in 2015, competitors have been running suspiciously similar sales on overlapping days. Target, Best Buy, Walmart and similar stores, both online and in the real world, had their own special days with names like “Black Friday in July”. In 2023, Target will host Target Circle Week on July 9-15 and Walmart will host Walmart Plus Week on July 10-13. It makes sense to do a comparison between these different stores to get the best price.

Early Amazon Prime Day deals you can get now Read More »

1687696592 Taylor Swift declined Meghan Markles personal invitation to appear on

Taylor Swift declined Meghan Markle’s personal invitation to appear on her canceled Spotify podcast, says report

Taylor Swift during her performance on the Eras Tour in Nashville, Tennessee on May 6, 2023 (left), Meghan Markle on October 18, 2018 in Melbourne, Australia.

Taylor Swift and Meghan Markle.John Shearer/TAS23/Getty Images for TAS Rights Management, Samir Hussein/Samir Hussein/WireImage

  • Taylor Swift declined an invitation to join Meghan Markle’s now-cancelled Spotify podcast.

  • According to the Wall Street Journal, Meghan’s invitation was personally extended.

  • This comes after Spotify and the Sussexes’ production company said they had agreed to part ways.

Taylor Swift turned down the chance to appear on Meghan Markle’s Spotify podcast, despite the Duchess of Sussex personally extending the invitation, The Wall Street Journal reported.

The allegation came as part of a widely publicized report about her and Prince Harry’s attempts to break into Hollywood after retiring from royal life.

Citing people familiar with the matter, the report said Meghan worked with Spotify’s gimlet division to create a list of potential guests for her podcast after she and Prince Harry signed a streaming deal in 2020 service valued at approximately $20 million.

According to the report, Meghan wrote a personal letter inviting the “Midnights” singer to join her podcast, but Swift declined through a rep.

Representatives for the Duke and Duchess of Sussex and Swift did not immediately respond to an Insider request for comment, which was made outside of normal working hours.

Archetypes premiered in August 2022 and featured a number of high-profile guests including Serena Williams, Mariah Carey and Paris Hilton. Over the course of 12 episodes, Meghan and her guests discussed some of the stereotypes women face.

Meghan Markle in white jacket and hat

Meghan Markle.Max Mumby/Indigo/Getty

After its debut, “Archetypes” quickly rocketed to the top of the Spotify charts in the US, Canada, UK and Australia.

But Spotify and Archewell, the Sussexes’ production company, later announced in a joint statement that they had “mutually agreed to part ways”.

“The podcast is no longer produced at Spotify as we are parting ways,” an Archewell Audio rep told Insider. It’s still unclear if there are any plans to continue producing the show for another platform.

The story goes on

Since then, speculation has abounded as to why the Sussexes and Spotify ended their partnership, although the news came amid a downturn in the tech and media sectors and layoffs at Spotify earlier in the year.

Spotify said the second round of job cuts in June was part of a “strategic realignment” of its podcast division.

There were also reports that the Sussexes weren’t producing enough content for the audio streaming service. A day after the announcement, the company’s head of podcast innovation and monetization dubbed the couple “Gribber” on his podcast.

Read the original article on Insider

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NASCAR New Driver Team on Pole at Nashville Beyond

NASCAR: New Driver, Team on Pole at Nashville – Beyond the Flag

For the first time ever, Ross Chastain and the Trackhouse Racing Team took pole position for a NASCAR Cup Series race at Sunday’s Ally 400 at Nashville Superspeedway.

It was down to race 17 in their third season of NASCAR Cup Series competition, but the Trackhouse Racing team has finally claimed their first-ever pole position.

Ross Chastain, who has never taken pole himself before, will start Sunday night’s Ally 400 at Nashville Superspeedway from the front position.

Owned by Justin Marks and Pitbull, the team entered the Cup Series in 2021, competing in all 36 races with Daniel Suarez at the wheel of the #99 Chevrolet. In 2022 they added a second car, the #1 Chevrolet, for former Chip Ganassi Racing driver Chastain when they acquired Chip Ganassi Racing.

They also added a third car, the Chevrolet #91, as part of an initiative called PROJECT91, which aims to give internationally renowned racers the opportunity to compete in select Cup Series events.

This car has been used in two races so far, one last year at Watkins Glen International for former Formula 1 World Champion Kimi Raikkonen and another last March at the Circuit of the Americas also for Raikkonen.

All in all, the Trackhouse Racing Team started the Ally 400 race weekend in Nashville with a total of 142 starts in the NASCAR Cup Series.

And now the team that clinched their first three Cup Series victories a year ago has finally clinched their first pole position.

Chastain, who has made 167 career starts, clinched pole position for Sunday night’s 300-lap race by setting a lap time of 29.797 seconds (160.687 mph) of the 1.33-mile (2.140-kilometer) Lebanon drove four curves. Tennessee Oval during the second round of qualifying on Saturday afternoon.

23XI Racing’s Bubba Wallace had been in search of his second career pole position before retiring when he crossed the checkered flag.

DraftKings Sportsbookwhich is now offering fans $150 instantly, just if they sign up and wager $5, has Chastain listed as the second favorite to win Sunday’s race at +550, just behind Joe Gibbs Racing’s Martin Truex Jr., who is +up sixth-place qualified 450.

Chastain’s top three odds are +150. In two cup series starts of his career at the Nashville Superspeedway, he finished second and fifth.

Sunday’s Ally 400 is the first race of the 2023 NASCAR Cup Series season to be part of NBC’s broadcast schedule. Tune in at 7:00 p.m. ET for live coverage of the race from Nashville Superspeedway. Start a free trial of FuboTV today and don’t miss out!

  • Published on 06/25/2023 at 10:30 am
  • Last updated on 06/25/2023 at 08:16

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1687696342 Biodiversity One of the worlds most endangered reptiles sighted in

Biodiversity: One of the world’s most endangered reptiles sighted in Australia for the first time in more than 50 years .com

The earless grassland dragon has not been sighted in wild Australian grasses since man first landed on the moon.

Article written by

China says US balloons violated its space quotmore than ten

Published on 06/25/2023 12:50

Reading time: 1 min

A Tympanocryptis pinguicolla lizard in Jerrabomberra (Australia), in November 1991. (CSIRO / WIKIPEDIA)

A Tympanocryptis pinguicolla lizard in Jerrabomberra (Australia), in November 1991. (CSIRO / WIKIPEDIA)

It is the result of years of research. An endangered small lizard has been spotted in Australia for the first time since 1969, local authorities said on Sunday June 25, quoted by The Guardian and The Age. The earless grassland monitor lizard (Tympanocryptis pinguicolla) was rediscovered west of Melbourne, Victoria, in February amid experts fears it was extinct in the wild. “It’s probably the most endangered reptile in the world,” said Jenny Gray, director of Zoo Victoria.

“We have people who have spent 30 years looking for this species and I believe this is the pinnacle of our (species) conservation career,” said Garry Peterson, endangered species manager at Zoos Victoria. For four months, scientists have searched the site of this discovery and taken 16 specimens of this species, hoping to encourage their reproduction in a zoo and thus allow a greater reintroduction into their natural habitat.

According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Australian reptiles are increasingly threatened by invasive species and global warming. Invasive street cats kill hundreds of millions of people every year. The increasing intensity and frequency of wildfires in Australia poses an additional threat.

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1687696231 Without liberty and social justice there is no equality the

Without liberty and social justice there is no equality: the “birth” of the French Revolution and socialist development Il Riformista

The word equivalence breaks in Dictionary politics Western film with the American and French revolutions. The first article of Declaration of Human and Civil Rights Adopted by the Paris National Assembly in 1789, it states: “Men are born and remain free and equal in rights; Therefore, social differences can only be based on the common good.” Essentially, the principle of equality consisted in the recognition that all citizens were equal before the law, regardless of differences in wealth and social status, and represented the material substratum of liberty, which could not exist without equality.

However, in the years that followed, some representatives of the democratic movement, and of the movement in particular, made an appearance Philip Buonarroti And Gracchus Babeuforganize a conspiracy against the conservative government that had prevailed with the revolution of 9 Thermidor that had put an end to terror in the name of a radical Communist-style conception of egalitarianism.

For the conspirators, equality remained formal unless private property, which was the genetic origin of inequality, was abolished. “Property boundaries are torn up,” it said Manifesto of the same – Let all goods be restored to a single common heritage, and the fatherland – the only woman, the sweetest mother of all – provide her beloved and free children with food, education and work alike.” In these few lines some principles have been formulated, that would characterize all communist movements from Marx to Lenin in the following century: the nationalization of property was the prerequisite for everyone being able to dispose of the commons equally. If we add that the Manifesto theorized the need for a period of dictatorship for the revolutionary minority that had taken power, the extraordinary modernity of Babeuf’s and Buonarroti’s thinking becomes clear.

As expected, the conspiracy ended badly, with Babeuf guillotined and many other conspirators exiled, but he launched a concept that would endure to this day and is a harbinger of many contradictions: Political liberties are not sufficient to establish equality unless they are backed by social justice, that is, through institutions and laws that combat the inequalities created in society by the differences in income and wealth generated by economic systems. Taking this concept to extremes was widespread in socialist movements up until World War II, leading to a negative polarization between liberty and equality, as if the former were not just a useless tinsel in workers’ struggles against exploitation and injustice, but a row of empty formalisms and false principles used by power to oppress the workers. Freedom for Marx It is an abstract idea, the basis of alienation because it hides from the workers the materiality of their unjust social position. The equality created by the communist revolution, which abolished property, deprived and nationalized the means of production, also established a new idea of ​​freedom that denied the formalities of the rule of law but prioritized labor and participation in building the socialist center .

Hence the idea that until the advent of the totalitarianisms had a strong following that the struggle for freedom, for civil rights or for democracy was not among the interests of the workers, who only had to focus on the struggle for equality, which they could only achieve in the new socialist state. The clash between Amberone of the leading leaders of the German Social Democracy e Lenin At the beginning of the 20th century it was about: For Lenin, democracy and freedom were expressions of the false consciousness that prevented the workers’ movement from carrying out the revolution, while for Bernstein they were instead an integral part of the struggle for social justice, without which they would have increasingly slipped into an authoritarian universe. And that is exactly what happened in the Bolshevik USSR or in Maoist China: the forcible realization of an egalitarian society and the creation of an authoritarian state intended as an instrument to protect it against its external and internal enemies produced exactly the opposite: one Society of subjects of a powerful and oppressive bureaucracy without liberty and without equality.

The failure of communism forced us to reconsider equality as an integral part of the rule of law. And in 1931 the time had come Charles Rosselli In his pamphlet Liberal Socialism, he sought to break through the wall of rigid polarity between liberty and equality when he wrote: ‘Socialism, understood as the ideal of liberty not for the few but for the majority, is not only not incompatible with the Liberalism, but it is also it.” theoretically its logical conclusion, practically and historically the continuation. Marxism, and by Marxism we must mean a strictly deterministic view of history, has led to the workers’ movement suffering the initiative of the opponent and suffering an unprecedented defeat socialism, understood in its essential aspect, is the progressive realization among men of the idea of ​​liberty and justice: an innate idea lying at the bottom of every human being, more or less buried by the incrustations of the centuries; progressive efforts to give all human beings equal opportunity to live the life that alone deserves the name and to free them from the slavery to matter and material needs that still dominate most people today; Opportunity to develop their personality freely, in a constant struggle for improvement against primitive and bestial instincts and against the corruption of a civilization too prey to the demon of success and money.

It comes from that painful reflection born in exile anti fascist and in close confrontation with the communist movement, the belief that the future of equality lies in freedom, but also that the future of freedom cannot exist without equality. An ideal path was shown, which not only made the start-up possible reformismbut also to give the welfare state an ideal basis.

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As a scholar of contemporary history, he taught at the Universities of Bologna, Turin and Milan. He was a visiting professor at Brown University (Providence RI) and at UCLA (University of California) in Berkeley. He was scientific director and then vice president of the Ferruccio Parri National Institute. He is President of REFAT, the international network for the study of fascism, authoritarianism, totalitarianism and democratic transitions, and the PER Foundation – Progress, Europe, Reforms. His latest release is Why fascism won. 1914-1924. Story of a Decade, Milan, Le Monnier, 2022.

Alberto DeBernardi

Without liberty and social justice there is no equality: the “birth” of the French Revolution and socialist development Il Riformista Read More »