Sudan remains an abyss of chaos and violence. Information from Khartoum speaks of artillery shelling and bombing, which began immediately after the end of the ceasefire between the armed forces and paramilitary militias. A scenario that has been repeated since the beginning of the civil war: brief truces that end in new bloodshed and are then reactivated for only a few days. Phases where the civil war actually continues, with the exchange of allegations about those who take advantage of the cessation of fighting to prepare for the next breach and commit atrocities against civilians. As in any war, these are the real casualties.
The BBC has highlighted the tragedy of rapes, which have increased exponentially during the conflict and are aimed at abandoned mothers but mostly at girls, often minors. This phenomenon particularly affects the capital, where there are violent clashes between the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese army. The difficult situation in Khartoum is also confirmed by the attacks reported by some African states on their own embassies, which were looted. Again, it is difficult to understand responsibility for these acts, such as whether they are the work of paramilitaries or army units.
The anarchy that reigns in the land makes it impossible to understand how the opposing factions behave. In addition, the health situation is worrying and there is a risk that international organizations and food aid programs will be permanently shut down if proper security conditions are not in place. This is also testified to by the alert launched by Action Against Hunger in the last few days, according to which at least 50,000 malnourished children are no longer receiving any specific treatment. The United Nations announced after the meeting in support of humanitarian aid in Sudan that donors had agreed on a $1.5 billion relief plan. But the prevailing anarchy in the country threatens to block most of the projects.
The only hope lies with those countries that are able to influence the parties involved to find the tools to ensure the stabilization of the rebels and the army. The United Arab Emirates and the Gulf powers, which are influential in Sudan and throughout the region, could play a leading role, as Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani said. Meanwhile, violence, poverty and the lack of prospects for peace inevitably increase the flow of people fleeing. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi said some 500,000 people had fled the country, with two million internally displaced people alone. These are enormous numbers that show us the seriousness of the situation in Sudan, but also the risks for the neighboring countries, which are becoming the first destination for the war refugees. In Egypt, the latest data speak of 250,000 Sudanese refugees already in the country. The European Union has announced aid of 20 million euros to Cairo.
And meanwhile, the case of the visas Egyptian authorities need to enter the country has exploded: many refugees have indeed fled without the documents needed to obtain passports, with the risk of families being separated at the border. The situation is also difficult in Chad and the Central African Republic, where the already very difficult economic and political situation in which these states live – just think that the Wagner Group has a permanent presence in the latter – is compounded by the arrival of thousands added are people and those of the rainy season. A problem that, as Médecins Sans Frontières explains, mainly concerns the logistical difficulties of accessing relief supplies. The scenario of the collapse of several states and the arrival of a new wave of migration to Europe, including via Libya, threatens to become more and more concrete.
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