If this is not achieved within 60 days, an arbitration tribunal will be appointed to make a legal assessment of the situation. The procedure usually takes several months, often more than a year.
Since the Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022, the country has hardly been able to use its Black Sea ports for exports around the world. Russia is blocking the ports. For a few months there was an international agreement under which Russia allowed exports, but Russia let it expire in July. Ukrainian agricultural products predominantly cross the country’s borders to Europe.
The European Union allows transit, allowing Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Hungary to ban sales on the domestic market so as not to destroy prices. EU regulations expired in September. Poland, Hungary and Slovakia then introduced import bans on their own initiative.