The debate over migration in Europe continues. Numbers and facts Source: dpa
With the increase in the number of refugees, the debate on asylum and migration is also gaining strength. Maximum limits and stricter border controls are being discussed again. A look at numbers and facts:
How many refugees currently arrive in the EU?
In the first half of 2023, the number rose Asylum applications in the European Union reach 519,000, an increase of 28 percent compared to the same period last year. Furthermore, according to the European Asylum Agency, they currently benefit from about four million war refugees from Ukraine temporary protection. Most of them arrived in 2022. Due to a special rule, they do not need to apply for asylum.
During the year 2022 Requested around 966,000 people Asylum in the European Union, the highest figure since 2016. But it is equally important to put this in perspective: according to the EU Commission, the proportion of refugees in the total population was 1.5 percent in 2022.
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Does Germany have the highest number of asylum applications in the EU?
Yes. According to data from the European Asylum Agency, by far the largest share of asylum applications were made in Germany in the first half of the year: 30 percent of all applications – and therefore almost double the following countries, Spain (17 percent) and France (16 percent). Behind them was Austria, then Italy.
However, when compared with the population, things look different: while in the Federal Republic there were 29 applications per 10,000 inhabitants in 2022, the ratio in eight EU countries was sometimes much higher: for example in Cyprus (241) and in Austria (123). .
How many people are currently coming to Germany?
Recently, the number of newcomers has increased. Between January and August 2023 According to the Federal Department of Migration and Refugees (Bamf) of this country 220,116 people an asylum application, most of them coming from Syria and Afghanistan. In around nine out of ten cases (204,461), these were initial requests following a new arrival or birth.
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Compared to the same period last year (January to August), the number of asylum applications is 2023 increased by more than 77 percent. In 2015 and 2016, when many refugees arrived in Germany, the figures for the year as a whole were 476,649 and 745,545 applications.
…according to the Federal Statistical Office, foreigners living in Germany claiming international law, humanitarian or political reasons.
This also includes asylum seekers in process and rejected asylum seekers.
Source: dpa, Federal Statistical Office
How many people seeking protection live in Germany?
According to the Federal Statistical Office, at the end of 2022 around 3.1 million people seek protection in Germanythe majority (2.25 million) have recognized protection status.
The total number increased by 1.14 million people compared to the previous year, which represents the largest increase in a reporting year since statistics began in 2007. This is mainly due to the war in Ukraine, which is why around 1.01 million Ukrainians sought protection in Germany in 2022. Anyone coming to Germany as a refugee must first register. This usually takes place at the nearest initial reception center in the respective federal state. Distribution between countries is based on “Königstein Key”.
According to this, the most populous federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia is expected to host the largest number of people seeking protection, with 21 percent, followed by Bavaria (15.6 percent) and Baden-Württemberg (around 13 Percent).
However, measured in terms of the population of the federal states, at the end of 2022, according to the Federal Statistical Office, the majority of those seeking protection lived in the city-states of Bremen (6.3 percent of the population), Hamburg (4.8) and Berlin (4.8).
The proportions were lowest in Bavaria (2.8), Brandenburg (2.8) and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (2.9).
Where do those who seek protection come from?
In addition to Ukrainians, the majority of those seeking protection at the end of 2022 were Syrian (674,000 people), Afghans (286,000), Iraqis (211,000) or Turkish (101,000) citizens. These five nationalities represent almost three-quarters of those seeking protection.
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How many refugees are actually allowed to stay?
Between January and August 2023, Bamf decided to accept around 175 thousand asylum requests. More than 91,000 people received protection, corresponding to a global protection rate of around 52 percent.
However, the adjusted protection rate is more significant. Because many applications are decided without examining the content. This is the case, for example, if an asylum application has been withdrawn or if another EU country is responsible. If we subtract the “formal decisions” from the processed processes, we obtain an adjusted one for the period between January and August 71 percent protection rate.
How many have to leave Germany?
If the asylum decision is negative, there is a risk of deportation. According to the Central Aliens Register, a total of 304,308 people in Germany were forced to leave the country at the end of 2022, of which 248,145 had tolerance permits.
In addition to rejected asylum seekers, foreign tourists, employees and students may also be forced to leave the country if their visa or residence permit has expired.
In Germany, the right to asylum is anchored in the Basic Law: “Those who are politically persecuted enjoy the right to asylum”, says Article 16a. It is the only fundamental right to which only foreigners are entitled.
In fact, most people receive protection under the Geneva Refugee Convention or limited (subsidiary) protection. This applies to people who are threatened with torture, the death penalty or arbitrary violence in an armed conflict in their country.
The exclusion criteria for the right to protection are crime It is serious crimesor if the person poses a threat to the security of Germany.
There is generally no right to asylum if the foreigner comes from one of the so-called safe countries of origin – such as the EU, the Western Balkan states, Ghana and Senegal. Even if there is already protection from a safe third country (EU, Norway, Switzerland), it will no longer be possible to apply for asylum in Germany.
Source: dpa
Tolerated people cannot be deported for certain reasons, for example because they do not have identification documents, are sick or have a minor child with a residence permit. Tolerance is always limited.
According to the federal government, almost 13 thousand people who were forced to leave the country were deported from Germany in 2022.
Appeals can also be lodged against Bamf’s decisions. In 2022, courts ruled on 96,495 cases. Subsequently, asylum decisions were made positively (461 times), refugees were granted protection (5,396) or subsidiary protection (1,353), and a deportation ban was issued (9,385).
What benefits do those seeking protection receive and when can they work?
Whether those seeking protection are allowed to work and receive social benefits depends on their status. Those entitled to asylum, i.e. recognized refugees or those entitled to subsidiary protection, are generally permitted to work. You are therefore entitled to the citizen’s allowance of currently 502 euros (single people).
Asylum seekers and tolerated people generally require a work permit from immigration authorities. The Federal Employment Agency (BA) usually needs to approve employment.
An asylum procedure can take a long time – this is how long other social benefits are available. These are regulated in the Asylum Seeker Benefits Act. Singles receive a total of 410 euros per month.
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Ukrainians are exempt from this legal regulation for asylum seekers. As recognized war refugees, they are treated on an equal footing with German citizens in terms of social benefits from day one and can apply for citizen benefits.