introduction
| Fucales | ||
|---|---|---|
 | ||
| classification | ||
| domain | eukaryotes | |
| Division (Division is a composition law that maps two numbers to the product of the first by…) | pheophyta | |
| Class | pheophyceae | |
| Rank Families (Mathematics In linear algebra, the rank of a family of vectors is the dimension of the…) lower | ||
| ||
THE Fucales are an order of brown algae in the class Phaeophyceae. It includes interdica macroalgae that grow by anchoring primarily to hard substrates such as fucus and sargassum.
Since the 1990s we have observed a general and locally worrying decline in fucales in Europe (Europe is a terrestrial region that can be considered as…). This decline requires special attention in the context of the application of the Water Framework Directive (Water is a ubiquitous chemical compound on earth, essential for all…) (WFD).
State of the population, pressure threats
According to the Rebent network and the Ifremer-Brest Benthic Ecology Laboratory, which is coordinating a regional inventory of notable habitats, the updated maps (The day or day is the interval separating sunrise from sunset; c is the. .. ) of reference sectors and annual monitoring of biodiversity (Biodiversity is the natural diversity of living organisms. It is assessed…) on a selection of habitats, as well as mapping ( Cartography refers to the creation and study of geographical maps. The.. .) of the reference sectors in the submerged zone show a “worrying” decline in Fucales populations that is still poorly explained. Thanks to these observations, the CEVA (The CEVA is a project that connects the railway networks of the canton of Geneva…) (Center for the Study and Development of Algae) (Observation is the action of careful monitoring of phenomena without which will to them…) confirmed a worrying regression in algal cover of intertidal fucales; Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculosus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus spiralis usually develop in a belt on the rocks of the foreshore (The foreshore is that part of the coast located between the known levels of highest and highest…) (where we usually find up to 30 kg/m2 of Ascophyllum, in addition to barnacles, mussels, limpets that settle where the current is stronger). The populations of Fucales covered almost all of the sheltered rocky foreshore on the French Atlantic coast (90% on the island (An island is a stretch of land surrounded by water, be it river water, un…) of Molène or Bréhat, less than 10% on the exposed part of the island of Ouessant (L’île d’Ouessant, Enez Eus(s)a in Breton, Ushant Island in English, is an insular municipality…) or on the faces in front of the islands of the Abers sector ) have been declining since at least the 1980s for reasons that are poorly understood.
Seaweed cultivation in Brittany is still significant (from 10,000 t/year to 30,000 or even more depending on the source).
The regression is small for the Abers sector from 1987 to 2003 (-6%). It is significant in the Quiberon-Croisic sector from 1986 to 2004 (-40%). Simultaneously (time is a concept developed by humans to develop the…), opportunistic and/or invasive algae are developing on all ( The whole understood as the whole of existing is often referred to as the world or…) the European coast interpreted. (Fast growing green algae).
metrology : At low tide, the fucales have a particular infrared reflection of light (light is all electromagnetic waves visible to the eye…) which allows them to be recognized through images (images consist initially of the manufacture and trade of physical images, the …) satellite or antenna. Year-on-year comparisons are possible; This facilitates quantitative monitoring of macroalgal belts, including fucales. The monitored indicators are the occupied surface area (A surface area generally denotes the superficial layer of an object. The term a…) and density (The density or specific gravity of a body is the ratio of its density to that…) Algae (algae are living beings capable of photosynthesis whose life cycle is …) on this surface. Researchers are also tracking the evolution of sessile green algae that tend to locally replace fucales.
Explanatory Hypotheses (confirm) :
- Southern Brittany seems to be the hardest hit, suggesting that global warming (Global Warming, also known as Global Warming, or…) may be involved, but the phenomenon is occasionally measured elsewhere in the world (The word world can refer to 🙂 and in Europe.
- Part of this decline may be due to competing invasive species promoted by eutrophication (eutrophication of an aquatic environment such as streams or ponds, originally referred to as and…) and increasing turbidity of coastal waters, facilitated by the import of shellfish and introduced pathogens are caused by globalization (The term “globalization” refers to the expansion and harmonization of …) and acceleration (acceleration generally refers to an increase in speed; in physics …) Maritime transport (Sea transport is the main means of transport for the transport of goods…),
- but other explanatory factors are possible or complementary: pesticides brought in by rivers and rain (rain generally denotes a precipitation of water in the state…), the accumulation of certain pollutants, toxic leaks from submerged ammunition depots… Ongoing studies should answer these questions and try to solve the problems before 2015, the deadline for restoring Europe’s water bodies to ‘good ecological status’.