1978 – LOUISE BROWN. The British baby is born at the Royal Oldham Hospital in Manchester Louise Brown, the first person to be conceived using an “in vitro” fertilization procedureoutside the uterus.
Louise is known as the “world’s first test-tube baby” and was born by caesarean section. The girl underwent 63 medical examinations on her health.
Louise Brown, the first person to be born through IVF, smiles next to the instruments used to deliver her in London, UK. Photo credit: Jonathan Brady/PA Wire/dpa.
At the time, Louise’s birth was considered the greatest achievement of the 20th century, along with the landing of man on the moon.
Four years later, her parents, Lesley and John Brown, gave birth to a second daughter through IVF. At that time it was the 40th baby in the world.
Louise Brown, the first person born through IVF, celebrates a symbolic birthday on July 20, 2018 in London, United Kingdom, marking the 40th anniversary of the method. (File/Joe Giddens/DPA)
Afro-Hispanic, Afro-Caribbean and Diaspora Women’s Day
The International Day of Afro-Latin American, Afro-Caribbean and Diaspora Women is celebrated and promoted by the United Nations Population Fund.
The date was chosen to commemorate the first congress that brought together more than 400 women from Latin America and the Caribbean in 1992 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
Issues related to sexism, racial discrimination, poverty, migration and violence were discussed at this congress.
At that meeting, the Network of Afro-Latin American, Afro-Caribbean and Diaspora Women was established, created as a “space for regional interaction and development of political and social strategies to dismantle discriminatory and segregationist practices that penalize Afro women”, they explain by the Argentine nation’s government.
As part of the United Nations-declared International Decade for People of African Descent 2015-2024, “the elimination of all these traditional social injustices and the fight against prejudice and racial discrimination will be promoted to promote and protect the human rights of all,” reported the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
More ephemeris
[1945-JUANCCARDENASDer ehemalige Stürmer und ehemalige Trainer Juan Carlos Cárdenas, eines der großen Idole des Racing Club, wurde in der Stadt Santiago del Estero geboren. Er war der Urheber des Tores gegen Celtic aus Glasgow (Schottland), das Racing 1967 den Intercontinental Club Cup in einem Playoff-Spiel im Centenario-Stadion in Montevideo mit einem 1:0-Sieg für „La Academia“ bescherte.
El Chango Cardenas.
1946 – ATOMBOMBE. Die Vereinigten Staaten werfen eine Atombombe auf das Bikini-Atoll in der Nähe der Marshallinseln im Pazifischen Ozean ab, die erste, die auf See gezündet wird. Es sei „die erste Atomkatastrophe der Welt“, sagte der amerikanische Wissenschaftler Glenn Seaborg, Nobelpreis für Chemie im Jahr 1951.
1980 – BACK IN BLACK AC/DC. Australian hard rock band AC/DC release Back in Black, their seventh album and first with singer Brian Johnson. More than 50 million copies have been sold.
1984 – SVETLANA SAVITSKAYA. Russian astronaut Svetlana Yevgenevna Savitskaya becomes the first woman to enter space. It spent just over three hours around the SALYUT 7 VE-4 EVA 5 space station, launched by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Svetlana Savitskaya.
1995 – OSVALDO PUGLIESE. The pianist, composer and conductor Osvaldo Pugliese, one of the great figures of tango, died in Buenos Aires at the age of 89. In 1986 he was declared an illustrious citizen of the city of Buenos Aires.
2003 – NESTOR KIRCHNER. President Néstor Kirchner reverses former President Fernando De la Rúa’s decree prohibiting the extradition of those accused of repressive crimes during the last civil-military dictatorship.
2010 – WIKILEAKS. The international media organization Wikileaks, founded by the Australian programmer Julian Assangepublishes approximately 91,000 confidential US Pentagon documents related to the war in Afghanistan, including attacks on civilians by US and allied forces.
2013 – LEON FERRARI. Visual artist León Ferrari dies in Buenos Aires at the age of 92, whose work leaves a legacy of rejection of wars, abuse of power and all forms of social intolerance.
LeonFerrari.
Other ephemeris
1515.- Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, first lieutenant governor of Cuba, founded the village of San Cristóbal de la Habana on the south coast and next to the mouth of the Mayabeque river.
1524.- Pedro de Alvarado, vice-governor of Hernán Cortés, founds Santiago de los Caballeros (Guatemala).
1535.- Sebastián Belalcázar founds Santiago de Guayaquil, the second most important city in Ecuador.
1554.- The Queen of England, Mary Tudor, marries Felipe II, future King of Spain, in Winchester Cathedral.
1567.- Diego de Losada y Cabeza de Vaca founded Santiago de León de Caracas, today’s capital of Venezuela.
1593.- Henry IV of France renounces Protestantism and converts to Catholicism to ascend the throne, convinced of the phrase “Paris is worth a mass”.
1794.- The poet André Chenier is guillotined during the terror phase of the French Revolution.
1797. – After four days of siege of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the troops of Tenerife repel the attack of the English fleet by Rear Admiral Horacio Nelson, who loses his right arm.
1798.- Napoleon invades Cairo (Egypt) a few days after his victory at the Battle of the Pyramids.
1819.- Battle of the Vargas Marsh near Paipa (Colombia) in which Simón Bolívar’s patriotic troops confront the Spanish royalists for the independence of New Granada (Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, Ecuador and Guyana).
1898.- US war against Spain: the first US troops land in Guánica (Puerto Rico), which conquers the island on August 13th.
1900.- Premiere of the new version of the Peruvian national anthem at the Teatro Lima by Maestro Claudio Rebagliati.
1909.- Frenchman Louis Bleriot made the first flight across the English Channel. It lasts 37 minutes and wins the £1,000 prize from the Chron.
1934 – Engelbert Dollfus, Austrian Chancellor, is assassinated in Vienna during a failed Nazi coup.
1943.- The Great Italian Fascist Council overthrows Mussolini after the Allies landed in Sicily. Victor Manuel III accepts his release and arrests him. The monarch assumes power over the army and puts Marshal Pietro Badoglio in charge of the government.
1952.- The Constitution of Puerto Rico is promulgated, which in its first article designates the island as a “Free Associated State” (ELA) of the United States.
1956.- The Italian ocean liner Andrea Doria sank after colliding in fog with the Swedish ship Stockholm off the coast of Nantucket (Newfoundland). 52 people die.
1957.- The National Constituent Assembly of Tunisia proclaims the republic and appoints the head of government, Habib Bourguiba, as president.
1968.-Paul VI publishes his first birth control encyclical, Humanae Vitae, in which he opposes abortion and all contraceptives.
1975.- The musical “A Chorus Line” premieres on Broadway, held at the Shubert Theater through April 1990 (6,137 performances).
1975.- Singer David Bowie released the album with the song “Fame” in collaboration with John Lennon.
1979.- Israel returns 6,000 square kilometers of the Sinai Peninsula occupied in 1967 to Egypt.
1979.- The Sandinista government of Nicaragua announces the nationalization of the banks.
1985.- American actor Rock Hudson announces that he has AIDS and dies in October.
1991.- The government of Guatemala and the guerrillas sign an agreement in Querétaro (Mexico) to democratize the country.
1992.- Inauguration of the Casa de America in Madrid by King Juan Carlos. 19 Heads of State or Government who had attended the Iberoamerican Summit two days earlier attended.
1994.- Hussein of Jordan and Israeli Prime Minister Isaac Rabin sign historic reconciliation in Washington, ending 46 years of struggle.
1996: A coup in Burundi overthrows President Sylvestre Ntimbantuganya and reinstates former President Pierre Buyoya.
1999.- Great victory of the Polo Patriotico, the coalition of Venezuelan President Chávez, in the elections to the National Constituent Assembly. She wins 120 of the 128 seats.
2000.- An Air France Concorde plane crashes shortly after take-off from Paris De Gaulle Airport. 113 people die.
2016.- Verizon agrees to buy Yahoo for approximately $4,800 million.
2018.- Italian scientists, thanks to radar data from the Mars Express probe, confirm the existence of an underground saltwater lake under the ice on Mars.
BIRTH
1109.- Alfonso I, “The Conqueror”, King of Portugal.
1848.- Arthur Balfour, British politician.
1905.- Elías Canetti, Bulgarian writer of Sephardic origin and Nobel Prize winner in 1981.
1935.- Adnan Kashogui, Saudi businessman.
1952.- Eduardo Souto de Moura, Portuguese architect.
1955.- Iman Jones, Somali model and widow of David Bowie.
DEATHS
1842.- Ignacio Rodríguez Galván, Mexican poet.
1972.- Américo Castro, Spanish historian.
1986.- Vincente Minnelli, American filmmaker.
2003.- John Schlesinger, British film director.
2019.- Beyi Caid Essebsi, President of Tunisia.
2021.- Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, Portuguese soldier, strategist of the Carnation Revolution.
2021.- Bob Moses, American civil rights activist.
Source: own and agencies.